Feeding knowledge

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in a horse's overall health. It is necessary for several biological processes, including muscle function, nerve function, and is critical for energy production. A deficiency in magnesium can lead to a range of health issues, such as muscle weakness, nervousness, and intolerance to physical exertion.

Symptoms of magnesium deficiency in horses
The symptoms of magnesium deficiency can vary depending on the severity of the deficiency. Common signs include irritability, muscle twitching, increased sensitivity to sounds and movements, and problems with focusing. Horses suffering from magnesium deficiency may also show signs of physical stress, such as being overexerted after normal activities. Another sign can be shaky muscles and cramping.

Magnesium dosage
Horses obtain magnesium from roughage, but sometimes they need more than what roughage provides. According to SLU, the maintenance requirement is based on the body containing about 0.05% Mg. Loss through feces and urine is about 0.6 g/100 kg body weight. Horses that sweat a lot also lose Mg through sweat, which can increase the need if your horse is in training. The requirement for magnesium is 1.5-3 grams per 100 kg body weight. Overdosing is rare but can lead to diarrhea and urinary problems. Veterinarians and equine nutrition experts can provide advice on the correct dosage based on the horse's size, age, and general health condition.

Choosing the right magnesium
There are many different types of magnesium supplements on the market. Carefully read what the container actually contains and which type of magnesium source it is. We recommend Mg Control, which is 100% high-quality magnesium oxide.

Why is magnesium oxide a good source of magnesium for horses?
Magnesium oxide is a popular and effective source of magnesium for horses for several reasons. Magnesium oxide is the richest source of magnesium, containing about 60% elemental magnesium, while other sources such as magnesium citrate contain only 16% elemental magnesium. This means that, for example, to reach the daily recommended intake of 375 mg of magnesium for a human, one would need to take 625 mg of magnesium oxide, whereas one would need to take a whole 2344 mg of magnesium citrate to achieve the same dose. This means that several capsules of the citrate form must be taken, which often also means a higher price.

High magnesium content: Magnesium oxide contains a high proportion of magnesium compared to other forms, making it a concentrated source. This is especially advantageous for horses that need a higher intake of magnesium to meet their nutritional needs.

Biologically available: Although there are some discussions about bioavailability, magnesium oxide is generally considered to be relatively bioavailable for horses. This means that the magnesium can be absorbed and used effectively by the horse's body.

Economical: Magnesium oxide is often more economical compared to other magnesium supplements. This makes it a popular choice for horse owners looking for a cost-effective way to add magnesium to their horses' diets.

Reduced risk of diarrhea: Unlike some other magnesium sources, such as magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt), magnesium oxide has a lower risk of causing diarrhea when given in recommended doses.

How effective is magnesium oxide for horses?
Magnesium oxide is one of the best sources of magnesium when it comes to absorption into the cells. Much of the information available on the internet has uncritically built its conclusions on short-term urine tests. A major issue with this is that magnesium oxide is absorbed more slowly into the body, and therefore short studies are not applicable. Next, most of the magnesium in the body is not in the blood (which is excreted in the urine) but in tissues and cells. The correct way to investigate how effectively a source of magnesium is absorbed into the body is through biopsies (tissue samples). In such studies, magnesium oxide has shown as good and even better results than, for example, magnesium citrate.

FAQ: Magnesium for horses

What is magnesium and why is it important for horses?
Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in the health of horses. It is vital for nerve and muscle function, heart health, and supports a strong skeleton.

How effective is magnesium oxide for horses?
Magnesium oxide is one of the best sources of magnesium in terms of cellular uptake. Much of the information available on the internet has uncritically built its conclusions on short-term urine tests. A major issue with this is that magnesium oxide is absorbed more slowly into the body, and therefore short studies are not applicable. Additionally, most of the magnesium in the body is not in the blood (which is excreted in the urine) but in tissues and cells. The correct way to investigate how effectively a source of magnesium is absorbed into the body is through biopsies (tissue samples). In such studies, magnesium oxide has shown as good and even better results than, for example, magnesium citrate.

What are the signs of magnesium deficiency in horses?
Signs of magnesium deficiency may include nervousness, muscle spasms, difficulty relaxing, hypersensitivity to sound or movement, and in severe cases, heart problems.

How do horses get magnesium?
Horses obtain magnesium through their diet, which typically includes grass, hay, and special feed supplements that are rich in magnesium.

How much magnesium does a horse need daily?
The daily magnesium requirement varies depending on the horse's size, age, activity level, and overall health condition. The need is 1.5-3 grams per 100 kg body weight, according to SLU.

Can horses get too much magnesium?
Yes, although it is rare, too much magnesium can lead to loose stools.

How do I choose a good magnesium supplement?
Choose a supplement specifically formulated for horses, with appropriate dosing and without unnecessary additives. We recommend magnesium oxide as a source of magnesium.

Can magnesium affect the behavior of horses?
Yes, magnesium plays a role in the function of the nervous system and can affect the behavior of horses. Horses with sufficient magnesium in their bodies are often calmer and more focused.

Do competition horses need more magnesium?
Competition horses, due to their high activity level and stress, may need higher levels of magnesium. Their diet should be monitored carefully to ensure adequate intake.

Horses experiencing abdominal pain, often referred to as colic, can exhibit a range of symptoms and behaviors. They may appear restless or nervous, have difficulty standing still, and often attempt to lie down or roll on the ground. Many horses with colic will look at or kick their abdomen and may sweat excessively even without physical exertion. Their interest in food and water often decreases, and there may be changes in bowel movements, which become less frequent, dry, or hard. Horses with abdominal pain may also have an elevated pulse and respiratory rate. In some cases, the veterinarian may observe decreased bowel sounds or a visible change in the appearance of the abdomen, such as bloating or tension. It is important to seek veterinary care promptly if colic is suspected, as early treatment is crucial for the horse's recovery.

Why Do Horses Experience Colic?

Horses can experience colic for several reasons. Colic is a symptom rather than a disease itself and refers to abdominal pain in horses. Here are some common causes of colic in horses:

Feed-related causes:
Sudden changes in diet or poor-quality feed can cause digestive disturbances. Excessive intake of hardfeed or grains can overload the digestive system. Insufficient fiber intake is also detrimental to the horse's digestive system; fibers from forage and grass are necessary to promote healthy gut function.

Poor water intake:
Inadequate water intake can lead to dehydration and constipation, increasing the risk of colic.

Parasite infections:
Worm infections can cause irritation or blockages in the intestines. Regularly perform fecal egg counts to monitor.

Dental problems:
Poor teeth can prevent the horse from chewing its food properly, leading to digestive problems.

Stress:
Stress, caused by factors such as transportation, environmental changes, or social unrest, can negatively affect the digestive system.

Physical obstruction or intestinal torsion:
Horses have a long and complex digestive system, and sometimes, a part of the intestine can twist or be obstructed by, for example, a hard ball of food, known as an impaction.

Diseases:
Some illnesses, such as gastric ulcers or infections, can also cause colic. Because horses cannot vomit, it is especially important that their digestive system functions smoothly. Regardless of the cause, colic is serious and often requires prompt veterinary care.



How Can the Risk of Colic Be Reduced?

To reduce the risk of colic in horses during the winter, it is important to follow some basic guidelines:

Water: Ensure that the horse always has access to fresh, unfrozen water. Water intake is crucial for maintaining a healthy digestion and preventing colic.

Feed: A balanced diet is essential. Avoid sudden changes in the diet. In winter, when grazing is scarce, it is especially important to provide plenty of high-quality forage throughout the day. This helps keep the digestive system moving. Avoid overfeeding grains. Pur.Mash is great for providing horses with prebiotics and extra hydration in a palatable way.

Regular exercise: Regular exercise is important to promote bowel movements and prevent colic. Even when it's cold outside, try to keep the horse active.

Dental care and health checks: Regular dental care and health checks are important for maintaining the horse's overall health and reducing the risk of digestive problems. Perform parasite testing regularly.

By following these guidelines, the risk of colic in horses can be reduced during the cold months. However, it is always best to consult a veterinarian for specific advice and recommendations related to your horse.

• Limiting sugar and starch intake: High sugar and starch content in feed can increase the risk of laminitis. Therefore, choose feeds with low sugar and starch content and limit the amount of hardfeed. We recommend completely grain and molasses-free feed. The Höveler Pur series is therefore an excellent option.
  
• Fiber-rich diet: A diet rich in fiber from hay and grass is essential. Fiber stimulates chewing and saliva production, which is important for healthy digestion and preventing metabolic-related diseases. For sensitive horses, it's important to monitor grass intake, introduce the horse gradually, and be extra cautious when the grass is most rich in sugar.
  
  
• When is grass most rich in sugar? The sugar content of grass varies throughout the day and is influenced by several factors such as the intensity of the sun, temperature, and the growth phase of the plant. Generally, grass has the highest sugar content during the late afternoon and early evening, after a day of intense sunshine. This is because photosynthesis is more active on sunny days, causing the grass to produce more sugar. During the night, the grass uses some of this sugar for its growth, resulting in lower sugar content in the morning. It's also important to note that sugar content may be higher in grass during late spring to early summer when the grass is growing rapidly. During colder periods, especially after a frosty night followed by sunny days, grass can also accumulate high levels of sugar. This is because the cold inhibits the growth of grass and the use of sugar, leading to the accumulation of sugar in the plant. For horse owners concerned about laminitis and other metabolic problems, it's wise to be cautious about grazing during these times of day and under these specific weather conditions to avoid high sugar intake.

• Regular hoof care: Ensure your horse receives regular and professional hoof care. Proper trimming and possibly shoeing can prevent biomechanical problems that can lead to laminitis.
  
  
• Stress management: Stress can be a triggering factor for laminitis. Try to create a calm and stable environment for your horse, with regular routines and minimal disturbances.

• Customized training plan: Design a training plan tailored to the horse's age, condition, and any health problems. Gradually increase the intensity to avoid overexertion.
  
  
• Varied training: Include a mix of different types of exercises in the training program, such as walks, lunging, and riding on varied terrain to improve hoof health and prevent injuries.

Kostens betydelse för att förebygga fång
En välbalanserad kost är grundläggande för att förebygga fång hos hästar. Det är viktigt att anpassa fodret efter hästens ålder, vikt, hälsostatus och aktivitetsnivå.

• Begränsa intaget av socker och stärkelse: Högt socker- och stärkelseinnehåll i foder kan öka risken för fång. Välj därför foder med låg socker- och stärkelsehalt och begränsa mängden kraftfoder. Vi rekommenderar helt spannmål och melassfritt foder. Höveler Pur serie är därför ett ba alternativ.
• Fiberrik kost: En diet rik på fibrer från hö och gräs är essentiell. Fibrer stimulerar tuggandet och salivproduktionen, vilket är viktigt för en sund matsmältning och för att förebygga ämnesomsättningsrelaterade sjukdomar. För känsliga hästar är det viktigt att hålla koll på gräsintaget, vänja in hästen och vara extra försiktig när gräset är som mest rikt på socker.
• När är gräset mest rikt på socker? Gräsets sockerinnehåll varierar under dygnet och påverkas av flera faktorer såsom solens intensitet, temperatur och växtens tillväxtfas. Generellt har gräset högst sockerhalt under de sena eftermiddagstimmar och tidig kväll, efter en dag med mycket solsken. Detta beror på att fotosyntesen är mer aktiv under soliga dagar, vilket gör att gräset producerar mer socker. Under natten använder gräset en del av detta socker för sin tillväxt, vilket resulterar i att sockerhalten är lägre på morgonen. Det är också viktigt att notera att sockerinnehållet kan vara högre i gräs under sen vår till tidig sommar när gräset växer snabbt. Under kallare perioder, särskilt efter en frostnatt följt av soliga dagar, kan gräset också ackumulera höga nivåer av socker. Detta beror på att kylan inhiberar gräsets tillväxt och använder av socker, vilket leder till att sockret ackumuleras i växten. För hästägare som är oroliga för fång och andra metabola problem är det därför klokt att vara försiktig med bete under dessa tider på dygnet och under dessa specifika väderförhållanden, för att undvika ett högt intag av socker.

Rätt skötsel och miljö
En korrekt skötselrutin och en anpassad miljö är också avgörande faktorer för att hålla din häst frisk och för att förebygga fång.

• Regelbunden hovvård: Se till att din häst får regelbunden och professionell hovvård. Korrekt trimning och eventuellt beslag kan förebygga biomekaniska problem som kan leda till fång.
• Stresshantering: Stress kan vara en utlösande faktor för fång. Försök att skapa en lugn och stabil miljö för din häst, med regelbundna rutiner och minimalt med störningar.

Motion och aktivitetsnivå
Regelbunden motion är vitalt för hästens övergripande hälsa och för att förebygga fång. Motion hjälper till att upprätthålla en hälsosam vikt, främjar blodcirkulationen till hovarna och bidrar till en sund metabolism.

• Anpassad träningsplan: Utforma en träningsplan som är anpassad efter hästens ålder, kondition och eventuella hälsoproblem. Gradvis öka intensiteten för att undvika överansträngning.
• Varierad träning: Inkludera en blandning av olika typer av övningar i träningsprogrammet, såsom promenader, tömkörning, och ridning på varierande underlag för att förbättra hovhälsan och förebygga skador.

• Activ Mineral - Alla hästar behöver tillskott av mineraler. Activ Mineral är fritt från socker och spannmål.
• Inflaboost DHA - Omega-3-fettsyror erbjuder flera hälsofördelar för sockerkänsliga hästar, inklusive minskad inflammation och förbättrad insulinresistens, vilket är viktigt för att hantera tillstånd som fång och metabolt syndrom. De kan även hjälpa till att upprätthålla en sund vikt och främja hovhälsan, vilket bidrar till en övergripande bättre hälsa för hästen. 
• Mg Control - Magnesiumtillskott kan hjälpa till att lindra muskelspänningar och obehag, samtidigt som de förbättrar insulinresistensen. Det spelar också en viktig roll i energimetabolismen, vilket stödjer en sund vikt och kan minska belastningen på hovarna. Dessutom är magnesium nödvändigt för en stark ben- och hovstruktur genom att stödja upptaget av kalcium. 
• Pur.Mash - Spannmål och melassfri mash med prebiotika flr stöd till mage och tarm. Om hästen inte behöver kraftfoder för energi är denna toppen att ge i en låg dos för stöd till mage och tarm samt smaklig att blanda fodertillskott i.

Mash feed given to horses is a type of feed that supports digestion and helps increase the intake of fibers and fluids. The soft consistency and high fiber content of mash feed can help prevent digestive issues such as colic and constipation. It also stimulates bowel movements and promotes a healthy gut flora, which is crucial for the overall health of the horse.

What are the main benefits of feeding horses with mash?

1. Easy to digest: Mash is much easier to digest compared to dry feeds. This makes it suitable for older horses, horses with poor teeth, or those with digestive issues.

2. Hydration: Since mash is soaked, it contributes to increasing the horse’s fluid intake, which can be particularly important during warmer or colder months for horses that do not drink enough water. Hövelers Pur.Mash can be given with less water for a thicker consistency or more water depending on your and your horse’s preferences.

3. Reduced risk of colic: By increasing fluid intake and because the feed is easy to digest, mash can reduce the risk of digestive problems such as colic. Choosing a variety like Hövelers Pur.Mash, which is also grain-free and contains several good sources of probiotics, further supports your horse’s stomach and intestines.

4. Appetite stimulating: Mash is often tasty and can stimulate the appetite of picky eaters or horses with reduced appetite due to age or illness."

Energy-boosting and hydration-balancing effects
Mash feed is a source of energy for horses, year-round or during intensive training periods. It also helps to maintain hydration balance in the body, which is important for preventing dehydration, especially after exertion or in hot climate conditions.

Good for older horses and horses with special needs
For older horses or those with chewing difficulties, mash feed provides a soft and easy-to-chew meal solution. Its nutrient-rich composition ensures that these horses receive all the necessary nutrients without straining their teeth.

Variety and Palatability
Mash feed offers a welcome variation in the horse's diet. With its versatility, it can be mixed with other feeds to enhance palatability and encourage appetite, which is particularly important for horses that are picky eaters or have reduced appetite. It is an excellent method to ensure that the horse gets the necessary nutrients, while adding an enjoyable variation to their daily routine.

What sets Hövelers Pur.Mash apart from other mash products on the market?
Most mash feeds found on the market contain grains and added sugar. Hövelers Pur.Mash is completely free from grains and added sugar, low in starch, making it suitable for sugar-sensitive horses. Pur.Mash also has a wide range of ingredients with prebiotic effects for the stomach and intestines, helping the horse to build up the body's own good bacteria.